BRE-X MINERAL Ltd.

Kasus Bre-X Mineral Ltd.

Bre-X Minerals Ltd., anggota Kelompok perusahaan Bre-X, adalah sebuah perusahaan tambang Kanada yang pernah dilaporkan menguasai sebuah cadangan emas yang sangat besar di Busang, Kalimantan. Bre-X membeli situs Busang pada Maret 1993 dan pada Oktober 1995 mengumumkan telah menemukan emas dalam jumlah yang sangat besar, sehingga menyebabkan harga sahamnya membubung tinggi. Pada mulanya sahamnya bernilai sangat kecil, namun setelah pengumuman itu, harga sahamnya mencapai nilai tertinggi pada $286.50 (dolar Kanada) di Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX), dengan kapitalisasi total senilai lebih dari $6 miliar dolar Kanada.Cadangan emas di Busang dilaporkan sebesar 200 juta ounces (6.200 ton), atau sama dengan 8% dari seluruh cadangan dunia. Namun, ternyata ini adalah penipuan besar-besaran, dan di sana tidak ada emas. Sampel-sampel utamanya telah dipalsukan dengan menaburkannya dengan emas dari luar. Sebuah laboratorium independen belakangan mengklaim bahwa penipuan itu telah dilakukan dengan buruk, termasuk dengan menggunakan pengerokan dari perhiasan emas. Pada 1997, Bre-X runtuh dan sahamnya menjadi tidak bernilai dalam skandal saham terbesar dalam sejarah Kanada.Bre-X akhirnya dinyatakan bangkrut pada 2002 meskipun sejumlah perusahaan subsidernya seperti Bro-X berlanjut hingga 2003.Felderhof tetap tinggal di Kepulauan Cayman, yang tidak mempunyai perjanjian ekstradisi dengan Kanada, meskipun sejumlah laporan mengatakan dia berada di negara-negara lain. Pada 2000 dan 2001, Komisi Keamanan Ontario menuduhnya melakukan insider trading. Pengadilan dilangsungkan tanpa kehadirannya, tetapi diskors pada April 2001 ketika Komisi berusaha menyingkirkan hakim kepalanya, Peter Hryn dengan alasan ia bias terhadap tuntutannya. Hal ini disangkal, dan pada 10 Desember 2003 bandingnya juga ditolak.Proses peradilannya dilanjutkan pada 6 Desember 2004 dan diharapkan akan berlanjut hingga setidak-tidaknya April 2005. Kasus ini berlanjut terus dan pada 21 Agustus 2006 pendapat penasihat hukum untuk Komisi Keamanan Ontario dan John Bernard Felderhof akan didengar di gedung pengadilan di Balai Kota Lama (Toronto).

Independensi Mental 

Independensi sikap mental berarti adanya kejujuran di dalam diri akuntan dalam mempertimbangkan fakta-fakta dan adanya pertimbangan yang obyektif tidak memihak di dalam diri akuntan dalam menyatakan pendapatnya. Sudah jelas dalam kasus diatas auditor tidak memiliki sikap kejujuran dan independensi mental, melihat tindakan tidak terpuji yang dilakukan perusahaan yang mengakibatkan kerugian besar bagi kanada, auditor seakan menutup mata dan tidak melakukan apa apa atas penipuan yang dilakukan perusahaan, ia tidak memiliki sikap kejujuran dan tanggung jawab dalam diri bahkan auditor lebih memilih untuk disuap agar dia menutupi penipuan yang dilakukan perusahaan dan tidak mengusut kasus ini lebih lanjut.

sumber: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bre-X

Tugas Softskill

Nama: Ratna Tri Utami

NPM : 25211903

Kelas : 4EB26

How do you think about the general election this year?

This year Indonesia will hold elections to determine who the next president. There are two candidates in general election. First candidate is Prabowo-Hatta and the second one is Jokowi-JK.  I think in every general election is, we as a citizen will have difficult choice because every candidates have their own  vision and mission. and they are have an advantages also disadvantages in their way. but we must to choose the best in our way. so we must be participate in general election this year and looking forward for the winner. 

ADVERBS , NEGATIVE AND COMMANDS

ADVERBS

The part of speech (or word class) that is primarily used to modify a verb,adjective, or other adverb. Adverbs can also modify prepositional phrases,subordinate clauses, and complete sentences. Adjective: adverbial.Positions of an Adverb:An adverb that modifies an adjective ("quite sad") or another adverb ("very carelessly") appears immediately in front of the word it modifies. An adverb that modifies a verb is generally more flexible: it may appear before or after the verb it modifies ("softly sang" or "sang softly"), or it may appear at the beginning of the sentence ("Softly she sang to the baby"). The position of the adverb may have an effect on the meaning of the sentence.Functions of an Adverb:Adverbs typically add information about time (rarely, frequently, tomorrow), manner (slowly, quickly, willingly), or place (here, there, everywhere) in addition to a wide range of other meanings.Forms of an Adverb:Many adverbs--especially adverbs of manner--are formed fromadjectives by the addition of the ending -ly (easily, dependably). But many common adverbs (just, still, almost, not) do not end in -ly, and not all words that end in -ly (friendly, neighborly) are adverbs. See "Observations," below.Examples:1.      "To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive."
(Robert Louis Stevenson)
(Robert Louis Stevenson)
2.      "War puts its questions stupidly, peace mysteriously."
(Andre Malraux)
(Andre Malraux)
3.      "Elmer Gantry was drunk. He was eloquently drunk, lovingly andpugnaciously drunk."
(Sinclair Lewis, Elmer Gantry, 1927)
(Sinclair Lewis, Elmer Gantry, 1927)
4.      "I will not torment the emotionally frail."
(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)
(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)
5.      "Life is that which--pressingly, persistently, unfailingly, imperially--interrupts."
(Cynthia Ozick, "Pear Tree and Polar Bear," Esquire, August 1985).
(Cynthia Ozick, "Pear Tree and Polar Bear," Esquire, August 1985).
 

NEGATIVE

Either – Neither
Either or neither di gunakan untuk menggabungkan kalimat negative.
[S1 + auxiliary not + V + O dan S2 + auxiliary not + either / neither
+ auxiliary + S2]
Neither = not either, oleh karenanya setelah auxiliary tidak, tidak disertai „not‟lagi
Example:
- They do not come late
- Brian does not come late
- They do not come late and Brian does not either / neither does Brian
Kalimat pertanyaan pertama yang mengandung kata: never, seldom, rarely, hardly, few and little dianggap memiliki pengertian negative.
Example: I seldom visit my uncle, and neither does my sister
I rarely visit my uncle, but my sister does.
Gabungan Setara 
Bilamana kata „either‟ dan „neither‟ di ikuti oleh „or‟ dan „nor‟kata kerja/ auxiliarynya mungkin singular atau pun plural (jamak) bergantung pada kata setelah „or‟ atau „nor‟ apakah singular atau plural. 
Kalaupun kata „or‟ atau „nor‟ berdiri sendiri, verb tetap di temukan oleh kata setelah „or‟ atau „nor‟. 
Neither John nor Bill is going to class today 
Either John or Bill is going to the beach today. 
Neither John nor his friends are going to class todayrarely, hardly, barely 
Rarely adalah adverb of frequency yang menunjukkan intensitas waktu (how often) sedangkan hardly dan barely adalah adverb of measurement yang menujukkan ke tidakmampuan / kesulitan seseorang untukmelakukan sesuatu ketiganya mempunyai arti yang sama.
Contoh 
Marti rarely drinks coffee 
(marti hampir tidak pernah minum kopi) 
Do yo hardly ever get sick 
(apakah kamu hampir tidak pernah jatuh sakit?)

COMMANDS AND NEGATIVE COMMANDS

In positive commands, we use the INFINITIVE VERB without "to" and without SUBJECT:
                     ·         Go!
                     ·         Look at me.
                     ·         Help!
                     ·         Be quiet.
                     ·         Be good.
                     ·         Stop talking.
                     ·         Sit down.
                     ·         Shut up!
                     ·         Call the police!
                     ·         Wait a minute.
In negative commands, we use: "do" + "not" + INFINITIVE VERB without "to" and without SUBJECT:
                     ·         Don't wear that stupid hat.
                     ·         Do not sign your name with a pencil. Sign with a pen.
                     ·         Don't walk on the grass.
                     ·         Don't act like an idiot.
                     ·         Don't yell at me!
                    Of course there are many words to soften a command:
                     ·         Please repeat the question.
                     ·         Please speak more slowly. --Thank you.
                     ·         Tell me please, what time is it? --Thank you.
                     ·         Excuse me, pass me the salt please. --Thanks
                     ·         Excuse me, come this way please.
                     ·         Pardon me, please don't smoke in the elevator.
                     ·         Pardon me, please speak quietly, remember that you are in a hospital.
                     ·         Hold on please

Mariah Carey - Thanks God I Found You

(Mariah)I would give up everything
Before I'd separate myself from you
After so much suffering
I've finally found a man that's true
I was all by myself for the longest time
So cold inside
And the hurt from the heart it would not subside
I felt like dyingUntil you saved my life
(Chorus - all) 
Thank God I found youI was lost without you
My every wish and every dream
Somehow became reality
When you brought the sunlight
Completed my whole life
I'm overwhelmed with gratitude
Cause baby I'm so thankfulI found you
(Joe)I would give you everything
There's nothing in this world I wouldn't do
To ensure your happiness
I'll cherish every part of you
Because without you beside me I can't survive
I don't wanna try
If you're keeping me warm each and every night
I'll be all right
Cause I need you in my life
(Chorus - all) 
Thank God I found you (I'm begging you)
 I was lost without you (so lost without you)
 My every wish and every dream (every dream, every dream)
 Somehow became reality
When you brought the sunlight (brought the sunlight) 
Completed my whole lifeI'm overwhelmed with gratitude
Cause baby I'm so thankfulI found you
-Bridge- (Mariah & Joe) 
See I was so desolate
Before you came to me
Looking back I guess it shows
that we were destined to shine
After the rain to appreciate
And care for what we have
And I'd go through it all over again 
To be able to feel this way
(Chorus - all) 
Thank God I found youI was lost without you (lost without you baby) 
My every wish and every dream
Somehow became realityWhen you brought the sunlight
Completed my whole life (whole life) 
I'm overwhelmed with gratitude
Sweet baby I'm so thankfulI found you
(Chorus - all)Thank God I found youI was lost without you 
I'm overwhelmed with gratitude
My baby I'm so thankfulI found you
(Mariah) 
I'm overwhelmed with gratitude
My baby I'm so thankful I found you 

Possessive Adjective, Gerund and Infinitive

Possessive Adjective

Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership of something. While we use them when we refer to people, it is more in the sense of relationship than ownership.

The possessive adjectives in English are as follows:

Subject	Possessive Adjective
I	My
You	Your
He	His
She	Her
It	Its
We	Our
You (pl)	Your
They	Their

• My car is very old.

• Her boyfriend is very friendly.

• Our dog is black.

• Their homework is on the table.

• Our cars are expensive. (Correct)

• Ours cars are expensive. (Incorrect)

• My pen is black. (Singular)

• My pens are black. (Plural)

• Our child is intelligent. (Singular)

• Our children are intelligent. (Plural)

Possessive Pronouns

• number: singular (eg: mine) or plural (eg: ours)

• person: 1st person (eg: mine), 2nd person (eg: yours) or 3rd person (eg: his)

• gender: male (his), female (hers)

• be subject or object

• refer to a singular or plural antecedent

number	person	gender (of "owner")	possessive pronouns
singular	1st	male/female	mine
	2nd	male/female	yours
	3rd	male	his
		female	hers
plural	1st	male/female	ours
	2nd	male/female	yours
	3rd	male/female/neuter	theirs

• Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (subject = My picture)

• I like your flowers. Do you like mine? (object = my flowers) 

• 
  

• I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours. (object = your key)

• My flowers are dying. Yours are lovely. (subject = Your flowers) 

• 
  

• All the essays were good but his was the best. (subject = his essay)

• John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers. (object = her passport)

• John found his clothes but Mary couldn't find hers. (object = her clothes) 

• 
  

• Here is your car. Ours is over there, where we left it. (subject = Our car)

• Your photos are good. Ours are terrible. (subject = Our photos) 

• 
  

• Each couple's books are colour-coded. Yours are red. (subject = Your books)

• I don't like this family's garden but I like yours. (object = your garden) 

• 
  

• These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have black hair. (subject = Their children)

• John and Mary don't like your car. Do you like theirs? (object = their car)

Gerunds and Infinitives

Following a verb (gerund or infinitive)

I expect to have the report done by Friday.	[INFINITIVE]
I anticipate having the report done by Friday.	[GERUND]

Some common verbs followed by a gerund (note that phrasal verbs, marked here with *, always fall into this category):

acknowledge	She acknowledged receiving assistance.
* accuse of	He was accused of smuggling contraband goods.
admit	They admitted falsifying the data.
advise	The author advises undertaking further study.
anticipate	He anticipates having trouble with his supervisor.
appreciate	I appreciated having a chance to read your draft.
avoid	He avoided answering my question.
complete	I finally completed writing my thesis.
consider	They will consider granting you money.
defer	She deferred writing her report.
delay	We delayed reporting the results until we were sure.
deny	They denied copying the information.
discuss	They discussed running the experiments again.
entail	This review procedure entails repeating the test.
* look after	He will look after mailing the tickets.
* insist on	He insisted on proofreading the article again.
involve	This procedure involves testing each sample twice.
justify	My results justify taking drastic action.
mention	The author mentions seeing this event.
* plan on	They had planned on attending the conference.
postpone	The committee has postponed writing the report.
recall	I cannot recall getting those results before.
resent	He resented spending so much time on the project.
recommend	She recommends reading Marx.
resist	The writer resists giving any easy answers.
risk	She risks losing her viewing time.
sanction	They will not sanction copying without permission.
suggest	I suggest repeating the experiment.
* take care of	He will take care of sending it to you.
tolerate	She can't tolerate waiting for results.

Some common verbs followed by an infinitive:

afford	We cannot afford to hesitate.
agree	The professors agreed to disagree.
appear	The results appear to support your theory.
arrange	They had arranged to meet at noon.
beg	I beg to differ with you.
care	Would you care to respond?
claim	She claims to have new data.
consent	Will you consent to run for office?
decide	When did he decide to withdraw?
demand	I demand to see the results of the survey.
deserve	She deserves to have a fair hearing.
expect	The committee expects to decide by tomorrow.
fail	The trial failed to confirm his hypothesis.
hesitate	I hesitate to try the experiment again.
hope	What do you hope to accomplish?
learn	We have learned to proceed with caution.
manage	How did she manage to find the solution?
neglect	The author neglected to provide an index.
need	Do we need to find new subjects?
offer	We could offer to change the time of the meeting.
plan	They had planned to attend the conference.
prepare	He was not prepared to give a lecture.
pretend	I do not pretend to know the answer.
promise	They promise to demonstrate the new equipment.
refuse	She refused to cooperate any longer.
seem	Something seems to be wrong with your design.
struggle	We struggled to understand her point of view.
swear	He swears to tell the truth.
threaten	The team threatened to stop their research.
volunteer	Will you volunteer to lead the group?
wait	We could not wait to hear the outcome.
want	She did not want to go first.
wish	Do you wish to participate?

Following a preposition (gerund only)

He went back to writing his paper.	[PREPOSITION + GERUND]
I used to live in Mexico.	[AUXILIARY + VERB]
I want to go home.	[VERB + INFINITIVE]

Following an indirect object (infinitive only)
Some common verbs followed by an indirect object plus an infinitive:

ask	I must ask you to reconsider your statement.
beg	They begged her to stay for another term.
cause	His findings caused him to investigate further.
challenge	Wilkins challenged Watson to continue the research.
convince	Can we convince them to fund our study?
encourage	She encouraged him to look beyond the obvious.
expect	They did not expect us to win an award.
forbid	The author forbade me to change his wording.
force	They cannot force her to reveal her sources.
hire	Did the department hire him to teach the new course?
instruct	I will instruct her to prepare a handout.
invite	We invite you to attend the ceremony.
need	They need her to show the slides.
order	He ordered the group to leave the building.
persuade	Can we persuade you to contribute again?
remind	Please remind him to check the references.
require	They will require you to submit an outline.
teach	We should teach them to follow standard procedures.
tell	Did she tell him to make three copies?
urge	I urge you to read the instructions before you begin.
want	I do not want you to have an accident.
warn	Why didn't they warn me to turn down the heat?

Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership of something. While we use them when we refer to people, it is more in the sense of relationship than ownership.

The possessive adjectives in English are as follows:

The possessive adjective needs to agree with the possessor and not with the thing that is possessed.

Examples

Like all adjectives in English, they are always located directly in front of the noun they refer to. (Possessive Adjective + Noun)

We do not include an S to the adjective when the noun is plural like in many other languages.

Examples:

However, the verb that is used needs to be in agreement with the noun - if the noun is singular then the verb is singular; if the noun is plural then the verb is plural.

Examples:

We use possessive pronouns to refer to a specific person/people or thing/things (the "antecedent") belonging to a person/people (and sometimes belonging to an animal/animals or thing/things).
We use possessive pronouns depending on:
Below are the possessive pronouns, followed by some example sentences. Notice that each possessive pronoun can:

Gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence. The following guidelines and lists will help you figure out whether a gerund or infinitive is needed.

Both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb. Whether you use a gerund or an infinitive depends on the main verb in the sentence. Consult the lists below to find out which form to use following which verbs.

Gerunds can follow a preposition; infinitives cannot.

Can you touch your toes without bending your knees?

He was fined for driving over the speed limit.

She got the money by selling the car.

A corkscrew is a tool for taking corks out of bottles.

Note: Take care not to confuse the preposition "to" with an infinitive form, or with an auxiliary form such as have to, used to, going to

Some verbs are followed by a pronoun or noun referring to a person, and then an infinitive. Gerunds cannot be used in this position.

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http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/english-as-a-second-language/gerunds

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/pronouns-possessive.htm

http://www.grammar.cl/Notes/Possessive_Adjectives.htm